Most fig trees cultivated in Germany are considered hardy. These robust fruit trees can withstand short-term minus temperatures of up to 15 degrees below zero. However, this does not mean that the plants will survive longer periods of cold weather unscathed. With the right measures, the fruit trees, originally native to southern countries, can also spend the winter outdoors in our latitudes. In cold areas it is advisable to cultivate fig trees in pots and to look after them indoors during the winter months.
Overwintering fig trees outdoors
So that the fig survives the first winter well, it is important to choose a frost-hardy variety and to give the tree a well-protected location. Always plant fig trees in spring so that the roots can develop sufficiently by autumn. Young figs often freeze back severely and for this reason it is advisable to cultivate the fruit trees in containers for the first two to three years.
Provide good floor insulation
To protect the fig from frost, you can partially fill up the planting hole with heat-retaining gravel or lava. The air- and water-permeable materials also avoid unwanted waterlogging and thus prevent the formation of rot. Apply an insulating mulch layer of wood shavings or leaves in the fall.
Winter protection of the outdoor fig
If the fig has completely lost its foliage in autumn, attach a frost protection made of brushwood, straw or reed mats to the trunk. It is helpful to ram pegs into the ground next to the trunk, to which you can attach the winter protection. Tie the branches together or fasten them securely to the trellis.
Only remove the winter protection when no more ground frost is to be expected in spring. If, despite all efforts, some branches of the fig have frozen back, they are removed during spring pruning.
Overwinter the figs in the pot
Potted figs are not as robust as fig trees that grow in the garden all year round. They need good winter protection and should be brought indoors in cool regions.
Hibernation on the balcony
In mild regions, potted plants can remain outside during the winter months. Place the planters in a sheltered porch corner. Wrap the pot tightly in bubble wrap or place in a styrofoam winter shelter. Additionally, protect the plant with bast or straw mats, which store the radiant heat of the house. Periodically check the moisture in the substrate and water the figs if necessary. The substrate must not dry out completely, as the fruit tree needs some water even in winter.
Hibernation in the house
Alternatively, you can overwinter the potted fig indoors. Hardy varieties in tubs can remain on the balcony or patio until the first frosts. They only move to their winter quarters when temperatures drop permanently below freezing. A cool, frost-free room is ideal. Since the fig sheds its leaves, a dark garage is also well suited.
tips and tricks
Completely refrain from fertilizer application in the winter months. Water very cautiously, as waterlogging during the dormant phase promotes the formation of rot.