Juniper berries are traditionally used in winter cooking and are also used in the production of spirits. But caution is advised when using them, because the trees contain toxic essential oils. Depending on the species, these have different concentrations.
The juniper berries, which are considered edible, are slightly poisonous
Toxicity of Juniperus species
All species of the genus contain essential oils that are classified as toxic. They are composed of various hydrocarbons and secondary plant substances that can cause irritation when they come into contact with the skin. If poisonous fruits or parts of plants are consumed, various symptoms can occur.
Consumption leads to:
- pain in the kidneys
- damage to the liver
- increased cardiac activity
- faster breathing
Common juniper
In contrast to related Juniperus species, not all parts of the plant of Juniperus communis are slightly poisonous, but rather the fruit and needles. The concentration of the toxic essential oils varies depending on the state of ripeness. Therefore, the berries should only be used in small doses as a spice in dishes. Usually an adult has no problems with tolerance. If you experience stomach pain or nausea, drinking more fluids can help.
Sadebaum
This low-growing juniper is highly poisonous in all parts of the plant and especially in the shoot tips and fruits. In the past, it often happened that the harvest of juniper berries was mixed with the fruits of the sallow tree. These tainted crops were used to make gin. To prevent this from happening again, state controls have been introduced, at least in Spain.
The essential sallow tree oil contains higher concentrations of the toxic active ingredients, so that even a few drops of oil can lead to death. Symptoms of poisoning can also occur when rubbed into the skin. A distinguishing feature is the unpleasant odor when the leaves are crushed.